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Michael Menaker : ウィキペディア英語版
Michael Menaker

Michael Menaker (born May 19, 1934),〔Refinetti, Roberto. Circadian Physiology. Boca Raton: CRC/Taylor & Francis Group, 2006. Print.〕 a chronobiology researcher, is Commonwealth Professor of Biology at University of Virginia, Charlottesville. His research has been on circadian rhythmicity of vertebrates, and includes: contributing to an understanding of light input pathways on extra-retinal photoreceptors of non-mammalian vertebrates, discovering a mammalian mutation for circadian rhythmicity (''tau'' mutation in golden hamsters), and locating a circadian oscillator in the pineal gland of bird. He has written almost 200 scientific publications.〔"Using PubMed." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2013〕
==Early life and education==
Menaker grew up in New York City and attended Swarthmore College.
After graduating from Swarthmore College in 1955 with a B.A. in Biology, Menaker went on to Princeton University.〔(【引用サイトリンク】first=Michael )〕 In the lab of Colin Pittendrigh,〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bioinfo.mpg.de/euclis/ListChronobiologistDetailsServlet?roleName=Registered User&chronobiologistID=62&userID=212&startsWith=M )〕 the father of research on biological clocks, Menaker studied the endogenous circadian rhythm of bats (''Myotis lucifugus'').
He graduated from Princeton University with a Ph.D. in 1960, and continued postdoctoral studies in Donald Griffin's lab 〔 at Harvard University.〔 As he continued to study bats, his interest shifted from circadian rhythms to hibernation patterns. When Menaker joined faculty at University of Texas, Austin in 1962,〔 he transitioned to studying circadian rhythms in the house sparrow (''Passer domesticus'')〔 and the golden hamster (''Mesocricetus auratus'').

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